PNG  IHDRQgAMA a cHRMz&u0`:pQ<bKGDgmIDATxwUﹻ& ^CX(J I@ "% (** BX +*i"]j(IH{~R)[~>h{}gy)I$Ij .I$I$ʊy@}x.: $I$Ii}VZPC)I$IF ^0ʐJ$I$Q^}{"r=OzI$gRZeC.IOvH eKX $IMpxsk.쒷/&r[޳<v| .I~)@$updYRa$I |M.e JaֶpSYR6j>h%IRز if&uJ)M$I vLi=H;7UJ,],X$I1AҒJ$ XY XzI@GNҥRT)E@;]K*Mw;#5_wOn~\ DC&$(A5 RRFkvIR}l!RytRl;~^ǷJj اy뷦BZJr&ӥ8Pjw~vnv X^(I;4R=P[3]J,]ȏ~:3?[ a&e)`e*P[4]T=Cq6R[ ~ޤrXR Հg(t_HZ-Hg M$ãmL5R uk*`%C-E6/%[t X.{8P9Z.vkXŐKjgKZHg(aK9ڦmKjѺm_ \#$5,)-  61eJ,5m| r'= &ڡd%-]J on Xm|{ RҞe $eڧY XYrԮ-a7RK6h>n$5AVڴi*ֆK)mѦtmr1p| q:흺,)Oi*ֺK)ܬ֦K-5r3>0ԔHjJئEZj,%re~/z%jVMڸmrt)3]J,T K֦OvԒgii*bKiNO~%PW0=dii2tJ9Jݕ{7"I P9JKTbu,%r"6RKU}Ij2HKZXJ,妝 XYrP ެ24c%i^IK|.H,%rb:XRl1X4Pe/`x&P8Pj28Mzsx2r\zRPz4J}yP[g=L) .Q[6RjWgp FIH*-`IMRaK9TXcq*I y[jE>cw%gLRԕiFCj-ďa`#e~I j,%r,)?[gp FI˨mnWX#>mʔ XA DZf9,nKҲzIZXJ,L#kiPz4JZF,I,`61%2s $,VOϚ2/UFJfy7K> X+6 STXIeJILzMfKm LRaK9%|4p9LwJI!`NsiazĔ)%- XMq>pk$-$Q2x#N ؎-QR}ᶦHZډ)J,l#i@yn3LN`;nڔ XuX5pF)m|^0(>BHF9(cզEerJI rg7 4I@z0\JIi䵙RR0s;$s6eJ,`n 䂦0a)S)A 1eJ,堌#635RIgpNHuTH_SԕqVe ` &S)>p;S$魁eKIuX`I4춒o}`m$1":PI<[v9^\pTJjriRŭ P{#{R2,`)e-`mgj~1ϣLKam7&U\j/3mJ,`F;M'䱀 .KR#)yhTq;pcK9(q!w?uRR,n.yw*UXj#\]ɱ(qv2=RqfB#iJmmL<]Y͙#$5 uTU7ӦXR+q,`I}qL'`6Kͷ6r,]0S$- [RKR3oiRE|nӦXR.(i:LDLTJjY%o:)6rxzҒqTJjh㞦I.$YR.ʼnGZ\ֿf:%55 I˼!6dKxm4E"mG_ s? .e*?LRfK9%q#uh$)i3ULRfK9yxm܌bj84$i1U^@Wbm4uJ,ҪA>_Ij?1v32[gLRD96oTaR׿N7%L2 NT,`)7&ƝL*꽙yp_$M2#AS,`)7$rkTA29_Iye"|/0t)$n XT2`YJ;6Jx".e<`$) PI$5V4]29SRI>~=@j]lp2`K9Jaai^" Ԋ29ORI%:XV5]JmN9]H;1UC39NI%Xe78t)a;Oi Ҙ>Xt"~G>_mn:%|~ޅ_+]$o)@ǀ{hgN;IK6G&rp)T2i୦KJuv*T=TOSV>(~D>dm,I*Ɛ:R#ۙNI%D>G.n$o;+#RR!.eU˽TRI28t)1LWϚ>IJa3oFbu&:tJ*(F7y0ZR ^p'Ii L24x| XRI%ۄ>S1]Jy[zL$adB7.eh4%%누>WETf+3IR:I3Xה)3אOۦSRO'ٺ)S}"qOr[B7ϙ.edG)^ETR"RtRݜh0}LFVӦDB^k_JDj\=LS(Iv─aTeZ%eUAM-0;~˃@i|l @S4y72>sX-vA}ϛBI!ݎߨWl*)3{'Y|iSlEڻ(5KtSI$Uv02,~ԩ~x;P4ցCrO%tyn425:KMlD ^4JRxSهF_}شJTS6uj+ﷸk$eZO%G*^V2u3EMj3k%)okI]dT)URKDS 7~m@TJR~荪fT"֛L \sM -0T KfJz+nإKr L&j()[E&I ߴ>e FW_kJR|!O:5/2跌3T-'|zX ryp0JS ~^F>-2< `*%ZFP)bSn"L :)+pʷf(pO3TMW$~>@~ū:TAIsV1}S2<%ޟM?@iT ,Eūoz%i~g|`wS(]oȤ8)$ ntu`өe`6yPl IzMI{ʣzʨ )IZ2= ld:5+請M$-ї;U>_gsY$ÁN5WzWfIZ)-yuXIfp~S*IZdt;t>KūKR|$#LcԀ+2\;kJ`]YǔM1B)UbG"IRߊ<xܾӔJ0Z='Y嵤 Leveg)$znV-º^3Ւof#0Tfk^Zs[*I꯳3{)ˬW4Ւ4 OdpbZRS|*I 55#"&-IvT&/윚Ye:i$ 9{LkuRe[I~_\ؠ%>GL$iY8 9ܕ"S`kS.IlC;Ҏ4x&>u_0JLr<J2(^$5L s=MgV ~,Iju> 7r2)^=G$1:3G< `J3~&IR% 6Tx/rIj3O< ʔ&#f_yXJiގNSz; Tx(i8%#4 ~AS+IjerIUrIj362v885+IjAhK__5X%nV%Iͳ-y|7XV2v4fzo_68"S/I-qbf; LkF)KSM$ Ms>K WNV}^`-큧32ŒVؙGdu,^^m%6~Nn&͓3ŒVZMsRpfEW%IwdǀLm[7W&bIRL@Q|)* i ImsIMmKmyV`i$G+R 0tV'!V)֏28vU7͒vHꦼtxꗞT ;S}7Mf+fIRHNZUkUx5SAJㄌ9MqμAIRi|j5)o*^'<$TwI1hEU^c_j?Е$%d`z cyf,XO IJnTgA UXRD }{H}^S,P5V2\Xx`pZ|Yk:$e ~ @nWL.j+ϝYb퇪bZ BVu)u/IJ_ 1[p.p60bC >|X91P:N\!5qUB}5a5ja `ubcVxYt1N0Zzl4]7­gKj]?4ϻ *[bg$)+À*x쳀ogO$~,5 زUS9 lq3+5mgw@np1sso Ӻ=|N6 /g(Wv7U;zωM=wk,0uTg_`_P`uz?2yI!b`kĸSo+Qx%!\οe|އԁKS-s6pu_(ֿ$i++T8=eY; צP+phxWQv*|p1. ά. XRkIQYP,drZ | B%wP|S5`~́@i޾ E;Չaw{o'Q?%iL{u D?N1BD!owPHReFZ* k_-~{E9b-~P`fE{AܶBJAFO wx6Rox5 K5=WwehS8 (JClJ~ p+Fi;ŗo+:bD#g(C"wA^ r.F8L;dzdIHUX݆ϞXg )IFqem%I4dj&ppT{'{HOx( Rk6^C٫O.)3:s(۳(Z?~ٻ89zmT"PLtw䥈5&b<8GZ-Y&K?e8,`I6e(֍xb83 `rzXj)F=l($Ij 2*(F?h(/9ik:I`m#p3MgLaKjc/U#n5S# m(^)=y=đx8ŬI[U]~SцA4p$-F i(R,7Cx;X=cI>{Km\ o(Tv2vx2qiiDJN,Ҏ!1f 5quBj1!8 rDFd(!WQl,gSkL1Bxg''՞^ǘ;pQ P(c_ IRujg(Wz bs#P­rz> k c&nB=q+ؔXn#r5)co*Ũ+G?7< |PQӣ'G`uOd>%Mctz# Ԫڞ&7CaQ~N'-P.W`Oedp03C!IZcIAMPUۀ5J<\u~+{9(FbbyAeBhOSܳ1 bÈT#ŠyDžs,`5}DC-`̞%r&ڙa87QWWp6e7 Rϫ/oY ꇅ Nܶըtc!LA T7V4Jsū I-0Pxz7QNF_iZgúWkG83 0eWr9 X]㾮݁#Jˢ C}0=3ݱtBi]_ &{{[/o[~ \q鯜00٩|cD3=4B_b RYb$óBRsf&lLX#M*C_L܄:gx)WΘsGSbuL rF$9';\4Ɍq'n[%p.Q`u hNb`eCQyQ|l_C>Lb꟟3hSb #xNxSs^ 88|Mz)}:](vbۢamŖ࿥ 0)Q7@0=?^k(*J}3ibkFn HjB׻NO z x}7p 0tfDX.lwgȔhԾŲ }6g E |LkLZteu+=q\Iv0쮑)QٵpH8/2?Σo>Jvppho~f>%bMM}\//":PTc(v9v!gոQ )UfVG+! 35{=x\2+ki,y$~A1iC6#)vC5^>+gǵ@1Hy٪7u;p psϰu/S <aʸGu'tD1ԝI<pg|6j'p:tպhX{o(7v],*}6a_ wXRk,O]Lܳ~Vo45rp"N5k;m{rZbΦ${#)`(Ŵg,;j%6j.pyYT?}-kBDc3qA`NWQū20/^AZW%NQ MI.X#P#,^Ebc&?XR tAV|Y.1!؅⨉ccww>ivl(JT~ u`ٵDm q)+Ri x/x8cyFO!/*!/&,7<.N,YDŽ&ܑQF1Bz)FPʛ?5d 6`kQձ λc؎%582Y&nD_$Je4>a?! ͨ|ȎWZSsv8 j(I&yj Jb5m?HWp=g}G3#|I,5v珿] H~R3@B[☉9Ox~oMy=J;xUVoj bUsl_35t-(ՃɼRB7U!qc+x4H_Qo֮$[GO<4`&č\GOc[.[*Af%mG/ ňM/r W/Nw~B1U3J?P&Y )`ѓZ1p]^l“W#)lWZilUQu`-m|xĐ,_ƪ|9i:_{*(3Gѧ}UoD+>m_?VPۅ15&}2|/pIOʵ> GZ9cmíتmnz)yߐbD >e}:) r|@R5qVSA10C%E_'^8cR7O;6[eKePGϦX7jb}OTGO^jn*媓7nGMC t,k31Rb (vyܴʭ!iTh8~ZYZp(qsRL ?b}cŨʊGO^!rPJO15MJ[c&~Z`"ѓޔH1C&^|Ш|rʼ,AwĴ?b5)tLU)F| &g٣O]oqSUjy(x<Ϳ3 .FSkoYg2 \_#wj{u'rQ>o;%n|F*O_L"e9umDds?.fuuQbIWz |4\0 sb;OvxOSs; G%T4gFRurj(֍ڑb uԖKDu1MK{1^ q; C=6\8FR艇!%\YÔU| 88m)֓NcLve C6z;o&X x59:q61Z(T7>C?gcļxѐ Z oo-08jہ x,`' ҔOcRlf~`jj".Nv+sM_]Zk g( UOPyεx%pUh2(@il0ݽQXxppx-NS( WO+轾 nFߢ3M<;z)FBZjciu/QoF 7R¥ ZFLF~#ȣߨ^<쩡ݛкvџ))ME>ώx4m#!-m!L;vv#~Y[đKmx9.[,UFS CVkZ +ߟrY٧IZd/ioi$%͝ب_ֶX3ܫhNU ZZgk=]=bbJS[wjU()*I =ώ:}-蹞lUj:1}MWm=̛ _ ¾,8{__m{_PVK^n3esw5ӫh#$-q=A̟> ,^I}P^J$qY~Q[ Xq9{#&T.^GVj__RKpn,b=`żY@^՝;z{paVKkQXj/)y TIc&F;FBG7wg ZZDG!x r_tƢ!}i/V=M/#nB8 XxЫ ^@CR<{䤭YCN)eKOSƟa $&g[i3.C6xrOc8TI;o hH6P&L{@q6[ Gzp^71j(l`J}]e6X☉#͕ ׈$AB1Vjh㭦IRsqFBjwQ_7Xk>y"N=MB0 ,C #o6MRc0|$)ف"1!ixY<B9mx `,tA>)5ػQ?jQ?cn>YZe Tisvh# GMމȇp:ԴVuږ8ɼH]C.5C!UV;F`mbBk LTMvPʍϤj?ԯ/Qr1NB`9s"s TYsz &9S%U԰> {<ؿSMxB|H\3@!U| k']$U+> |HHMLޢ?V9iD!-@x TIî%6Z*9X@HMW#?nN ,oe6?tQwڱ.]-y':mW0#!J82qFjH -`ѓ&M0u Uγmxϵ^-_\])@0Rt.8/?ٰCY]x}=sD3ojަЫNuS%U}ԤwHH>ڗjܷ_3gN q7[q2la*ArǓԖ+p8/RGM ]jacd(JhWko6ڎbj]i5Bj3+3!\j1UZLsLTv8HHmup<>gKMJj0@H%,W΃7R) ">c, xixј^ aܖ>H[i.UIHc U1=yW\=S*GR~)AF=`&2h`DzT󑓶J+?W+}C%P:|0H܆}-<;OC[~o.$~i}~HQ TvXΈr=b}$vizL4:ȰT|4~*!oXQR6Lk+#t/g lԁߖ[Jڶ_N$k*". xsxX7jRVbAAʯKҎU3)zSNN _'s?f)6X!%ssAkʱ>qƷb hg %n ~p1REGMHH=BJiy[<5 ǁJҖgKR*倳e~HUy)Ag,K)`Vw6bRR:qL#\rclK/$sh*$ 6덤 KԖc 3Z9=Ɣ=o>X Ώ"1 )a`SJJ6k(<c e{%kϊP+SL'TcMJWRm ŏ"w)qc ef꒵i?b7b('"2r%~HUS1\<(`1Wx9=8HY9m:X18bgD1u ~|H;K-Uep,, C1 RV.MR5άh,tWO8WC$ XRVsQS]3GJ|12 [vM :k#~tH30Rf-HYݺ-`I9%lIDTm\ S{]9gOڒMNCV\G*2JRŨ;Rҏ^ڽ̱mq1Eu?To3I)y^#jJw^Ńj^vvlB_⋌P4x>0$c>K†Aļ9s_VjTt0l#m>E-,,x,-W)سo&96RE XR.6bXw+)GAEvL)͞K4$p=Ũi_ѱOjb HY/+@θH9޼]Nԥ%n{ &zjT? Ty) s^ULlb,PiTf^<À] 62R^V7)S!nllS6~͝V}-=%* ʻ>G DnK<y&>LPy7'r=Hj 9V`[c"*^8HpcO8bnU`4JȪAƋ#1_\ XϘHPRgik(~G~0DAA_2p|J묭a2\NCr]M_0 ^T%e#vD^%xy-n}-E\3aS%yN!r_{ )sAw ڼp1pEAk~v<:`'ӭ^5 ArXOI驻T (dk)_\ PuA*BY]yB"l\ey hH*tbK)3 IKZ򹞋XjN n *n>k]X_d!ryBH ]*R 0(#'7 %es9??ښFC,ՁQPjARJ\Ρw K#jahgw;2$l*) %Xq5!U᢯6Re] |0[__64ch&_}iL8KEgҎ7 M/\`|.p,~`a=BR?xܐrQ8K XR2M8f ?`sgWS%" Ԉ 7R%$ N}?QL1|-эټwIZ%pvL3Hk>,ImgW7{E xPHx73RA @RS CC !\ȟ5IXR^ZxHл$Q[ŝ40 (>+ _C >BRt<,TrT {O/H+˟Pl6 I B)/VC<6a2~(XwV4gnXR ϱ5ǀHٻ?tw똤Eyxp{#WK qG%5],(0ӈH HZ])ג=K1j&G(FbM@)%I` XRg ʔ KZG(vP,<`[ Kn^ SJRsAʠ5xՅF`0&RbV tx:EaUE/{fi2;.IAwW8/tTxAGOoN?G}l L(n`Zv?pB8K_gI+ܗ #i?ޙ.) p$utc ~DžfՈEo3l/)I-U?aԅ^jxArA ΧX}DmZ@QLےbTXGd.^|xKHR{|ΕW_h] IJ`[G9{).y) 0X YA1]qp?p_k+J*Y@HI>^?gt.06Rn ,` ?);p pSF9ZXLBJPWjgQ|&)7! HjQt<| ؅W5 x W HIzYoVMGP Hjn`+\(dNW)F+IrS[|/a`K|ͻ0Hj{R,Q=\ (F}\WR)AgSG`IsnAR=|8$}G(vC$)s FBJ?]_u XRvύ6z ŨG[36-T9HzpW̞ú Xg큽=7CufzI$)ki^qk-) 0H*N` QZkk]/tnnsI^Gu't=7$ Z;{8^jB% IItRQS7[ϭ3 $_OQJ`7!]W"W,)Iy W AJA;KWG`IY{8k$I$^%9.^(`N|LJ%@$I}ֽp=FB*xN=gI?Q{٥4B)mw $Igc~dZ@G9K X?7)aK%݅K$IZ-`IpC U6$I\0>!9k} Xa IIS0H$I H ?1R.Чj:4~Rw@p$IrA*u}WjWFPJ$I➓/6#! LӾ+ X36x8J |+L;v$Io4301R20M I$-E}@,pS^ޟR[/s¹'0H$IKyfŸfVOπFT*a$I>He~VY/3R/)>d$I>28`Cjw,n@FU*9ttf$I~<;=/4RD~@ X-ѕzἱI$: ԍR a@b X{+Qxuq$IЛzo /~3\8ڒ4BN7$IҀj V]n18H$IYFBj3̵̚ja pp $Is/3R Ӻ-Yj+L;.0ŔI$Av? #!5"aʄj}UKmɽH$IjCYs?h$IDl843.v}m7UiI=&=0Lg0$I4: embe` eQbm0u? $IT!Sƍ'-sv)s#C0:XB2a w I$zbww{."pPzO =Ɔ\[ o($Iaw]`E).Kvi:L*#gР7[$IyGPI=@R 4yR~̮´cg I$I/<tPͽ hDgo 94Z^k盇΄8I56^W$I^0̜N?4*H`237}g+hxoq)SJ@p|` $I%>-hO0eO>\ԣNߌZD6R=K ~n($I$y3D>o4b#px2$yڪtzW~a $I~?x'BwwpH$IZݑnC㧄Pc_9sO gwJ=l1:mKB>Ab<4Lp$Ib o1ZQ@85b̍ S'F,Fe,^I$IjEdù{l4 8Ys_s Z8.x m"+{~?q,Z D!I$ϻ'|XhB)=…']M>5 rgotԎ 獽PH$IjIPhh)n#cÔqA'ug5qwU&rF|1E%I$%]!'3AFD/;Ck_`9 v!ٴtPV;x`'*bQa w I$Ix5 FC3D_~A_#O݆DvV?<qw+I$I{=Z8".#RIYyjǪ=fDl9%M,a8$I$Ywi[7ݍFe$s1ՋBVA?`]#!oz4zjLJo8$I$%@3jAa4(o ;p,,dya=F9ً[LSPH$IJYЉ+3> 5"39aZ<ñh!{TpBGkj}Sp $IlvF.F$I z< '\K*qq.f<2Y!S"-\I$IYwčjF$ w9 \ߪB.1v!Ʊ?+r:^!I$BϹB H"B;L'G[ 4U#5>੐)|#o0aڱ$I>}k&1`U#V?YsV x>{t1[I~D&(I$I/{H0fw"q"y%4 IXyE~M3 8XψL}qE$I[> nD?~sf ]o΁ cT6"?'_Ἣ $I>~.f|'!N?⟩0G KkXZE]ޡ;/&?k OۘH$IRۀwXӨ<7@PnS04aӶp.:@\IWQJ6sS%I$e5ڑv`3:x';wq_vpgHyXZ 3gЂ7{{EuԹn±}$I$8t;b|591nءQ"P6O5i }iR̈́%Q̄p!I䮢]O{H$IRϻ9s֧ a=`- aB\X0"+5"C1Hb?߮3x3&gşggl_hZ^,`5?ߎvĸ%̀M!OZC2#0x LJ0 Gw$I$I}<{Eb+y;iI,`ܚF:5ܛA8-O-|8K7s|#Z8a&><a&/VtbtLʌI$I$I$I$I$I$IRjDD%tEXtdate:create2022-05-31T04:40:26+00:00!Î%tEXtdate:modify2022-05-31T04:40:26+00:00|{2IENDB` sh-3ll

HOME


sh-3ll 1.0
DIR:/proc/thread-self/root/usr/share/doc/python3-docs/html/library/
Upload File :
Current File : //proc/thread-self/root/usr/share/doc/python3-docs/html/library/ipc.html
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
  "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
  <head>
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" />
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
    <title>18. Interprocess Communication and Networking &#8212; Python 3.6.7 documentation</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pydoctheme.css" type="text/css" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
    <script type="text/javascript" id="documentation_options" data-url_root="../" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script>
    <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml"
          title="Search within Python 3.6.7 documentation"
          href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/>
    <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" />
    <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" />
    <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" />
    <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" />
    <link rel="next" title="18.1. socket — Low-level networking interface" href="socket.html" />
    <link rel="prev" title="17.10. _dummy_thread — Drop-in replacement for the _thread module" href="_dummy_thread.html" />
    <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" />
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/ipc.html" />
    
    <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script>
    
    
    
 

  </head><body>  
    <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation">
      <h3>Navigation</h3>
      <ul>
        <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
          <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index"
             accesskey="I">index</a></li>
        <li class="right" >
          <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
             >modules</a> |</li>
        <li class="right" >
          <a href="socket.html" title="18.1. socket — Low-level networking interface"
             accesskey="N">next</a> |</li>
        <li class="right" >
          <a href="_dummy_thread.html" title="17.10. _dummy_thread — Drop-in replacement for the _thread module"
             accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
        <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt=""
                 style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> &#187;</li>
        <li>
          <a href="../index.html">3.6.7 Documentation</a> &#187;
        </li>

          <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" accesskey="U">The Python Standard Library</a> &#187;</li>
    <li class="right">
        

    <div class="inline-search" style="display: none" role="search">
        <form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get">
          <input placeholder="Quick search" type="text" name="q" />
          <input type="submit" value="Go" />
          <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
          <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
        </form>
    </div>
    <script type="text/javascript">$('.inline-search').show(0);</script>
         |
    </li>

      </ul>
    </div>    

    <div class="document">
      <div class="documentwrapper">
        <div class="bodywrapper">
          <div class="body" role="main">
            
  <div class="section" id="interprocess-communication-and-networking">
<span id="ipc"></span><h1>18. Interprocess Communication and Networking<a class="headerlink" href="#interprocess-communication-and-networking" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>The modules described in this chapter provide mechanisms for different processes
to communicate.</p>
<p>Some modules only work for two processes that are on the same machine, e.g.
<a class="reference internal" href="signal.html#module-signal" title="signal: Set handlers for asynchronous events."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">signal</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="mmap.html#module-mmap" title="mmap: Interface to memory-mapped files for Unix and Windows."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mmap</span></code></a>.  Other modules support networking protocols
that two or more processes can use to communicate across machines.</p>
<p>The list of modules described in this chapter is:</p>
<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="socket.html">18.1. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">socket</span></code> — Low-level networking interface</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket-families">18.1.1. Socket families</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#module-contents">18.1.2. Module contents</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#exceptions">18.1.2.1. Exceptions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#constants">18.1.2.2. Constants</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#functions">18.1.2.3. Functions</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#creating-sockets">18.1.2.3.1. Creating sockets</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#other-functions">18.1.2.3.2. Other functions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket-objects">18.1.3. Socket Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#notes-on-socket-timeouts">18.1.4. Notes on socket timeouts</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#timeouts-and-the-connect-method">18.1.4.1. Timeouts and the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connect</span></code> method</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#timeouts-and-the-accept-method">18.1.4.2. Timeouts and the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">accept</span></code> method</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#example">18.1.5. Example</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html">18.2. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl</span></code> — TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#functions-constants-and-exceptions">18.2.1. Functions, Constants, and Exceptions</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#socket-creation">18.2.1.1. Socket creation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#context-creation">18.2.1.2. Context creation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#random-generation">18.2.1.3. Random generation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#certificate-handling">18.2.1.4. Certificate handling</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#constants">18.2.1.5. Constants</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl-sockets">18.2.2. SSL Sockets</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl-contexts">18.2.3. SSL Contexts</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#certificates">18.2.4. Certificates</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#certificate-chains">18.2.4.1. Certificate chains</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ca-certificates">18.2.4.2. CA certificates</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#combined-key-and-certificate">18.2.4.3. Combined key and certificate</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#self-signed-certificates">18.2.4.4. Self-signed certificates</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#examples">18.2.5. Examples</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#testing-for-ssl-support">18.2.5.1. Testing for SSL support</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#client-side-operation">18.2.5.2. Client-side operation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#server-side-operation">18.2.5.3. Server-side operation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#notes-on-non-blocking-sockets">18.2.6. Notes on non-blocking sockets</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#memory-bio-support">18.2.7. Memory BIO Support</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl-session">18.2.8. SSL session</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#security-considerations">18.2.9. Security considerations</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#best-defaults">18.2.9.1. Best defaults</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#manual-settings">18.2.9.2. Manual settings</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#verifying-certificates">18.2.9.2.1. Verifying certificates</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#protocol-versions">18.2.9.2.2. Protocol versions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#cipher-selection">18.2.9.2.3. Cipher selection</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#multi-processing">18.2.9.3. Multi-processing</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#libressl-support">18.2.10. LibreSSL support</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="select.html">18.3. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">select</span></code> — Waiting for I/O completion</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="select.html#dev-poll-polling-objects">18.3.1. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/dev/poll</span></code> Polling Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="select.html#edge-and-level-trigger-polling-epoll-objects">18.3.2. Edge and Level Trigger Polling (epoll) Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="select.html#polling-objects">18.3.3. Polling Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="select.html#kqueue-objects">18.3.4. Kqueue Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="select.html#kevent-objects">18.3.5. Kevent Objects</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="selectors.html">18.4. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">selectors</span></code> — High-level I/O multiplexing</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="selectors.html#introduction">18.4.1. Introduction</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="selectors.html#classes">18.4.2. Classes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="selectors.html#examples">18.4.3. Examples</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio.html">18.5. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asyncio</span></code> — Asynchronous I/O, event loop, coroutines and tasks</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html">18.5.1. Base Event Loop</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#run-an-event-loop">18.5.1.1. Run an event loop</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#calls">18.5.1.2. Calls</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#delayed-calls">18.5.1.3. Delayed calls</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#futures">18.5.1.4. Futures</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#tasks">18.5.1.5. Tasks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#creating-connections">18.5.1.6. Creating connections</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#creating-listening-connections">18.5.1.7. Creating listening connections</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#watch-file-descriptors">18.5.1.8. Watch file descriptors</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#low-level-socket-operations">18.5.1.9. Low-level socket operations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#resolve-host-name">18.5.1.10. Resolve host name</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#connect-pipes">18.5.1.11. Connect pipes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#unix-signals">18.5.1.12. UNIX signals</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#executor">18.5.1.13. Executor</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#error-handling-api">18.5.1.14. Error Handling API</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#debug-mode">18.5.1.15. Debug mode</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#server">18.5.1.16. Server</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#handle">18.5.1.17. Handle</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#event-loop-examples">18.5.1.18. Event loop examples</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#hello-world-with-call-soon">18.5.1.18.1. Hello World with call_soon()</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#display-the-current-date-with-call-later">18.5.1.18.2. Display the current date with call_later()</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#watch-a-file-descriptor-for-read-events">18.5.1.18.3. Watch a file descriptor for read events</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloop.html#set-signal-handlers-for-sigint-and-sigterm">18.5.1.18.4. Set signal handlers for SIGINT and SIGTERM</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloops.html">18.5.2. Event loops</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloops.html#event-loop-functions">18.5.2.1. Event loop functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloops.html#available-event-loops">18.5.2.2. Available event loops</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloops.html#platform-support">18.5.2.3. Platform support</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloops.html#windows">18.5.2.3.1. Windows</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloops.html#mac-os-x">18.5.2.3.2. Mac OS X</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloops.html#event-loop-policies-and-the-default-policy">18.5.2.4. Event loop policies and the default policy</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloops.html#event-loop-policy-interface">18.5.2.5. Event loop policy interface</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloops.html#access-to-the-global-loop-policy">18.5.2.6. Access to the global loop policy</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-eventloops.html#customizing-the-event-loop-policy">18.5.2.7. Customizing the event loop policy</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html">18.5.3. Tasks and coroutines</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#coroutines">18.5.3.1. Coroutines</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#example-hello-world-coroutine">18.5.3.1.1. Example: Hello World coroutine</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#example-coroutine-displaying-the-current-date">18.5.3.1.2. Example: Coroutine displaying the current date</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#example-chain-coroutines">18.5.3.1.3. Example: Chain coroutines</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#invalidstateerror">18.5.3.2. InvalidStateError</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#timeouterror">18.5.3.3. TimeoutError</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#future">18.5.3.4. Future</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#example-future-with-run-until-complete">18.5.3.4.1. Example: Future with run_until_complete()</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#example-future-with-run-forever">18.5.3.4.2. Example: Future with run_forever()</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#task">18.5.3.5. Task</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#example-parallel-execution-of-tasks">18.5.3.5.1. Example: Parallel execution of tasks</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-task.html#task-functions">18.5.3.6. Task functions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html">18.5.4. Transports and protocols (callback based API)</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#transports">18.5.4.1. Transports</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#basetransport">18.5.4.1.1. BaseTransport</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#readtransport">18.5.4.1.2. ReadTransport</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#writetransport">18.5.4.1.3. WriteTransport</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#datagramtransport">18.5.4.1.4. DatagramTransport</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#basesubprocesstransport">18.5.4.1.5. BaseSubprocessTransport</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#protocols">18.5.4.2. Protocols</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#protocol-classes">18.5.4.2.1. Protocol classes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#connection-callbacks">18.5.4.2.2. Connection callbacks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#streaming-protocols">18.5.4.2.3. Streaming protocols</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#datagram-protocols">18.5.4.2.4. Datagram protocols</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#flow-control-callbacks">18.5.4.2.5. Flow control callbacks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#coroutines-and-protocols">18.5.4.2.6. Coroutines and protocols</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#protocol-examples">18.5.4.3. Protocol examples</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#tcp-echo-client-protocol">18.5.4.3.1. TCP echo client protocol</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#tcp-echo-server-protocol">18.5.4.3.2. TCP echo server protocol</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#udp-echo-client-protocol">18.5.4.3.3. UDP echo client protocol</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#udp-echo-server-protocol">18.5.4.3.4. UDP echo server protocol</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-protocol.html#register-an-open-socket-to-wait-for-data-using-a-protocol">18.5.4.3.5. Register an open socket to wait for data using a protocol</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html">18.5.5. Streams (coroutine based API)</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#stream-functions">18.5.5.1. Stream functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#streamreader">18.5.5.2. StreamReader</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#streamwriter">18.5.5.3. StreamWriter</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#streamreaderprotocol">18.5.5.4. StreamReaderProtocol</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#incompletereaderror">18.5.5.5. IncompleteReadError</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#limitoverrunerror">18.5.5.6. LimitOverrunError</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#stream-examples">18.5.5.7. Stream examples</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#tcp-echo-client-using-streams">18.5.5.7.1. TCP echo client using streams</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#tcp-echo-server-using-streams">18.5.5.7.2. TCP echo server using streams</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#get-http-headers">18.5.5.7.3. Get HTTP headers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-stream.html#register-an-open-socket-to-wait-for-data-using-streams">18.5.5.7.4. Register an open socket to wait for data using streams</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-subprocess.html">18.5.6. Subprocess</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-subprocess.html#windows-event-loop">18.5.6.1. Windows event loop</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-subprocess.html#create-a-subprocess-high-level-api-using-process">18.5.6.2. Create a subprocess: high-level API using Process</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-subprocess.html#create-a-subprocess-low-level-api-using-subprocess-popen">18.5.6.3. Create a subprocess: low-level API using subprocess.Popen</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-subprocess.html#constants">18.5.6.4. Constants</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-subprocess.html#process">18.5.6.5. Process</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-subprocess.html#subprocess-and-threads">18.5.6.6. Subprocess and threads</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-subprocess.html#subprocess-examples">18.5.6.7. Subprocess examples</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-subprocess.html#subprocess-using-transport-and-protocol">18.5.6.7.1. Subprocess using transport and protocol</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-subprocess.html#subprocess-using-streams">18.5.6.7.2. Subprocess using streams</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-sync.html">18.5.7. Synchronization primitives</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-sync.html#locks">18.5.7.1. Locks</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-sync.html#lock">18.5.7.1.1. Lock</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-sync.html#event">18.5.7.1.2. Event</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-sync.html#condition">18.5.7.1.3. Condition</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-sync.html#semaphores">18.5.7.2. Semaphores</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-sync.html#semaphore">18.5.7.2.1. Semaphore</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-sync.html#boundedsemaphore">18.5.7.2.2. BoundedSemaphore</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-queue.html">18.5.8. Queues</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-queue.html#queue">18.5.8.1. Queue</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-queue.html#priorityqueue">18.5.8.2. PriorityQueue</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-queue.html#lifoqueue">18.5.8.3. LifoQueue</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-queue.html#exceptions">18.5.8.3.1. Exceptions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-dev.html">18.5.9. Develop with asyncio</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-dev.html#debug-mode-of-asyncio">18.5.9.1. Debug mode of asyncio</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-dev.html#cancellation">18.5.9.2. Cancellation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-dev.html#concurrency-and-multithreading">18.5.9.3. Concurrency and multithreading</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-dev.html#handle-blocking-functions-correctly">18.5.9.4. Handle blocking functions correctly</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-dev.html#logging">18.5.9.5. Logging</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-dev.html#detect-coroutine-objects-never-scheduled">18.5.9.6. Detect coroutine objects never scheduled</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-dev.html#detect-exceptions-never-consumed">18.5.9.7. Detect exceptions never consumed</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-dev.html#chain-coroutines-correctly">18.5.9.8. Chain coroutines correctly</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-dev.html#pending-task-destroyed">18.5.9.9. Pending task destroyed</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncio-dev.html#close-transports-and-event-loops">18.5.9.10. Close transports and event loops</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncore.html">18.6. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asyncore</span></code> — Asynchronous socket handler</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncore.html#asyncore-example-basic-http-client">18.6.1. asyncore Example basic HTTP client</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="asyncore.html#asyncore-example-basic-echo-server">18.6.2. asyncore Example basic echo server</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="asynchat.html">18.7. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asynchat</span></code> — Asynchronous socket command/response handler</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="asynchat.html#asynchat-example">18.7.1. asynchat Example</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="signal.html">18.8. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">signal</span></code> — Set handlers for asynchronous events</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="signal.html#general-rules">18.8.1. General rules</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="signal.html#execution-of-python-signal-handlers">18.8.1.1. Execution of Python signal handlers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="signal.html#signals-and-threads">18.8.1.2. Signals and threads</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="signal.html#module-contents">18.8.2. Module contents</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="signal.html#example">18.8.3. Example</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="mmap.html">18.9. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mmap</span></code> — Memory-mapped file support</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>


          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
        <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
  <h4>Previous topic</h4>
  <p class="topless"><a href="_dummy_thread.html"
                        title="previous chapter">17.10. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_dummy_thread</span></code> — Drop-in replacement for the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_thread</span></code> module</a></p>
  <h4>Next topic</h4>
  <p class="topless"><a href="socket.html"
                        title="next chapter">18.1. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">socket</span></code> — Low-level networking interface</a></p>
  <div role="note" aria-label="source link">
    <h3>This Page</h3>
    <ul class="this-page-menu">
      <li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li>
      <li>
        <a href="https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.6/Doc/library/ipc.rst"
            rel="nofollow">Show Source
        </a>
      </li>
    </ul>
  </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="clearer"></div>
    </div>  
    <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation">
      <h3>Navigation</h3>
      <ul>
        <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
          <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index"
             >index</a></li>
        <li class="right" >
          <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
             >modules</a> |</li>
        <li class="right" >
          <a href="socket.html" title="18.1. socket — Low-level networking interface"
             >next</a> |</li>
        <li class="right" >
          <a href="_dummy_thread.html" title="17.10. _dummy_thread — Drop-in replacement for the _thread module"
             >previous</a> |</li>
        <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt=""
                 style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> &#187;</li>
        <li>
          <a href="../index.html">3.6.7 Documentation</a> &#187;
        </li>

          <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> &#187;</li>
    <li class="right">
        

    <div class="inline-search" style="display: none" role="search">
        <form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get">
          <input placeholder="Quick search" type="text" name="q" />
          <input type="submit" value="Go" />
          <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
          <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
        </form>
    </div>
    <script type="text/javascript">$('.inline-search').show(0);</script>
         |
    </li>

      </ul>
    </div>  
    <div class="footer">
    &copy; <a href="../copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2001-2023, Python Software Foundation.
    <br />
    The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation.
    <a href="https://www.python.org/psf/donations/">Please donate.</a>
    <br />
    Last updated on Dec 18, 2023.
    <a href="../bugs.html">Found a bug</a>?
    <br />
    Created using <a href="http://sphinx.pocoo.org/">Sphinx</a> 1.7.6.
    </div>

  </body>
</html>